大白菜对铅积累与转运的品种差异研究

采用盆栽试验,研究了15种大白菜对铅(Pb)积累与转运的品种差异,以期筛选具有Pb低积累潜力的大白菜品种.结果表明,15种大白菜地上部Pb含量存在显著品种差异(P0.05),表明大白菜对Pb毒害具有一定的耐受性.根据地上部Pb含量、转运系数和Pb耐性等指标评价,第一春宝可视为具有Pb低积累潜力的大白菜品种.     

施肥对大白菜吸收电镀污染土壤中重金属的影响

采用田间试验,研究了在不同施肥条件下重金属在土壤-作物系统中迁移、积累的特性.结果表明,不同施肥处理对降低植物重金属吸收的影响能力大小依次为有机肥＞复合肥＞尿素,一般地,作物不同部位对Cr、Cu 积累量的大小顺序为根＞叶＞茎,重金属在土壤-作物系统中迁移能力大小依次为Cu＞ Ni＞Cr,3种施肥处理对降低土壤中有效态重金属含量的影响能力大小依次为有机肥＞复合肥＞尿素.     

Volatile components and their corresponding synthetic gene expression profile in the fruits of Actinidia chinensis北大核心CSCD

This study aimed to identify the difference in volatile aromatic components and the relationship with the expression pattern of their corresponding bio-synthesis genes in six kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) varieties (Cuiyu, Jintao, Jinyan, Chuhong, Donghong, and Xixuan). To provide a foundation for kiwifruit variety recognition, fruit quality evaluation, and molecular-assisted breeding, the volatile aromatic components in the ripe fruits of six kiwifruit varieties were evaluated by head space-solid phase micro extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The aroma-synthesis-related genes, including acyltransferases (AcAT16), lipoxygenase (AcLox2), and terpene synthase genes (AcTPS1), were detected by the real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) during the postharvest stage of fruits. Ninety-two aroma chemicals were identified in the tested kiwifruit cultivars. There were 35, 32, 30, 44, 28, and 17 of aromatic compounds in Cuiyu, Jintao, Jinyan, Chuhong, Donghong, and Xixuan, respectively. Esters were the main aroma components in Cuiyu, Jintao, and Jinyan. The major aromatic compounds of Chuhong, Donghong, and Xixuan were aldehydes and terpenoids. The expression level of AcATs16 and AcLox2 increased, and then decreased during the ripening of kiwifruit fruits. The expression of AcATs16 was significantly higher in Cuiyu and Jinyan than in other varieties. AcLox2 indicated significant abundance in Cuiyu and Chuhong. AcTPS1 was up-regulated in Jintao, Donghong, and Xixuan with fruit ripening; however, this was not observed in Cuiyu, Chuhong, and Jinyan. The difference in the composition and content of volatile aromatic components contributes to the difference in aroma in different kiwifruit cultivars. The diverse expression of AcATs16, AcLox2, and AcTPS1 might be closely related to the synthesis of ethyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenal, and eucalyptol, respectively. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

不同锰处理对镉胁迫下2种油菜重金属累积和根系形态的影响

采用水培试验,研究Cd胁迫(10μmol·L~(-1))条件下,不同浓度Mn(0,0.1,1,10,100μmol·L~(-1))处理对2种镉累积能力不同的油菜生物量、Cd和Mn含量以及根系形态参数的影响。结果表明,与正常营养处理Mn1相比,缺Mn和Mn过量处理显著降低2种油菜的地上部和镉低积累油菜"华骏"的根部生物量,而对普通油菜"寒绿"的根部生物量没有显著影响。与Mn1处理相比,缺Mn处理下2种油菜的Cd累积总量和"华骏"地上部Cd含量显著降低;Mn过量处理下2种油菜根部和地上部Cd含量均呈升高趋势,2种油菜的Cd累积总量无显著变化或显著降低。随Mn处理浓度升高,2种油菜地上部和根部Mn含量显著升高,缺Mn处理下2种油菜根部的Mn含量低于Mn缺乏的临界值。与Mn1处理相比,缺Mn处理下"华骏"的根长、表面积、体积、平均直径和根尖数显著降低;Mn过量处理下"寒绿"的根长以及"华骏"的根系表面积、体积显著降低;缺Mn处理下2种油菜细根表面积所占的比例增加,粗根表面积比例降低;Mn过量时,"寒绿"的粗根表面积比例增加,细根比例降低,而"华骏"则相反。总的来看,缺Mn处理影响油菜根系和地上部生长,减少地上部Cd含量和植株Cd累积总量;Mn过量处理下油菜生长也受到抑制,但是油菜地上部和根部Cd含量有所升高;2种油菜的根系形态学参数在不同Mn处理下变化规律不同,表现出不同的响应策略。     

Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles,ZnO microparticles,and Zn2+ on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): investigating a wide range of concentrations

The effects of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO microparticles (MPs), and zinc ions (Zn²⁺) on some growth parameters of rapeseed (Brassica napus) seedlings have been studied. The growth inhibition by ZnO NPs was not stronger than that by ZnO MPs while treatment with Zn²⁺ inhibition was clearly stronger.     

吉林西部退化草原土壤盐渍化特征分析

对吉林西部退化草原六种常见植被类型下的土壤(0～20 cm)盐渍化特征进行了分析。采用国际上通用的土壤饱和浸提液电导率(ECe)、碱化度(ESP)和pH分别表征土壤的盐度、钠质化和酸碱程度。土壤盐度分为轻度、中度、重度和极度四个等级,对应的变化范围分别为:2～4、4～8、8～16、>16 dS m-1;土壤钠质化程度分为轻度、中度、重度和极度四个等级,对应的ESP范围分别为:5～10%、10～20%、20～40%、>40%;土壤酸碱性分为酸性、中性和碱性三种,对应pH范围分别为<6.5,6.5～8.5、>8.5。结果表明,植被类型对土壤盐度具有很好的指示作用,按土壤盐度由高到低排列,植被类型的顺序依次为:无植被(碱斑)、碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、碱茅(Puccinellia tenuiflora)、虎尾草(Chloris virgata)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)。碱斑地、碱蓬地、碱茅地和虎尾草地的盐渍土类型均为盐化钠质土(ECe>2 dS m-1,ESP>5%),其中碱斑地和碱蓬地土壤盐化程度为极度(26.54≤ECe≤176.80 dS/m)、钠质化程度为极度(50.22≤ESP≤94.54%);碱茅和虎尾草植被下土壤盐度分别为10.70≤ECe≤27.62 dS m-1和6.86≤ECe≤13.88 dS m-1,钠质化程度分别为30.97≤ESP≤60.26%和16.21≤ESP≤58.11%;芦苇地的盐化程度为1.56≤ECe≤3.37 dS/m,钠质化程度为轻度(7.82≤ESP≤15.88%);羊草地的土壤盐度和钠质化程度分别2.43≤ECe≤6.66 dS m-1和1.43≤ESP≤8.34%。就土壤pH而言,羊草地为中性(7.44≤pH≤8.23),芦苇地为中性和/或碱性(8.18≤pH≤10.02),虎尾草地、碱茅地、碱蓬地和碱斑地均为碱性(8.83≤pH≤10.63)。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在不同品种菜心-土壤系统的累积

在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)污染的水稻土中盆栽不同品种菜心,采用GC/MS研究了菜心-土壤系统中DBP的分布特征.结果表明,不同品种菜心茎叶和根系对DBP的吸收累积存在明显差异;不同品种菜心茎叶中DBP含量与其叶面积大小之间存在一定的正相关关系.不同品种菜心-土壤系统中DBP的分布特征明显不同,新选45天油菜心表现为茎叶和根系中DBP含量较低,盆栽后土壤中DBP含量也较低;特青60天菜心和新选油青四九菜心表现为茎叶和根系中DBP含量较低,但盆栽后土壤中DBP含量较高;油青60天菜心表现为茎叶和根系中DBP含量较高,盆栽后土壤中DBP含量也较高.     

Consequences of Low Mate Availability in the Rare Self-Incompatible Species Brassica insularis

Abstract:  Self-incompatibility systems prevent self-fertilization in angiosperms. Although numerous S alleles are usually maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection, the number of S alleles can be low in small populations, which limits mate availability and reduces fecundity in endangered populations of self-incompatible plants. Despite the increasing evidence of the negative effect of self-incompatibility in small populations, the direct link between the number and the distribution of S alleles and their reproductive consequences has been rarely reported. Brassica insularis is a rare self-incompatible species with medium to very small populations. Results of a previous study showed that the smallest population has very few S alleles. We investigated whether reduced mate availability affects reproduction in this species. We compared the pollination success and the fruit set in 4 populations differing in population size and number of S alleles. Our results suggest that reproduction may be negatively affected by the low S-allele diversity in the smallest population. Nevertheless, other populations also had reduced fruit set that could not be attributed to self-incompatibility alone.     

铜对夏腊梅种子萌发及抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用室内水培试验,研究不同浓度的外源铜处理对夏腊梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis)种子萌发、根伸长抑制率、呼吸强度、丙二醛及抗氧化酶系统的影响.结果表明,(1)铜浓度与夏腊梅根伸长抑制率呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),但与萌发率相关性不显著.(2)铜处理对夏腊梅种子的过氧化物酶(POD EC1.11.1.7)具有激活效应,且随着铜浓度的增加激活效应逐渐增强.丙二醛(MDA)含量随铜浓度的增大先略降而后逐渐升高.对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD EC 1.15.1.1)和过氧化氢酶(CAT EC 1.11.1.6)存在胁迫初期低浓度下的激活效应,随着铜浓度的增加及胁迫时间的延长,表现为抑制效应,且随着铜浓度的增加抑制效应逐渐增强.     

EDTA对2种芥菜型油菜幼苗富集Pb的效应

采用水培试验,研究了乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对Pb胁迫下2种芥菜型油菜(BrassicajunceaCzern.etCoss.)幼苗生长及富集Pb的效应.结果表明,单独用0.5和1.0mmol/LPb或EDTA处理可显著抑制植株的生长.与单独处理相比,Pb和EDTA复合处理可以降低各自的生物毒性.当Pb和EDTA等浓度复合处理时,植株生物量与对照植株无明显差异,说明游离态Pb或EDTA对幼苗具有毒害作用,而螯合态Pb-EDTA基本不具有生物毒性.EDTA处理促进Pb从根系向地上部运输,促进Pb在地上部积累.当c(EDTA)/c(Pb)为1/2时,地上部铅积累总量达到最高.随c(EDTA)的增加,根系铅积累总量反而下降.2个芥菜型油菜品种对EDTA的处理效应表现极为相似,生物量大的品种具有较高的Pb积累总量.